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Complex Assignment #8: Gravitational Wave (Advanced)

History of the Universe - gravitational waves are hypothesized to arise from cosmic inflation.

Gravitational Wave

In Einstein's theory of general relativity, gravity is treated as a phenomenon resulting from the curvature of spacetime. This curvature is caused by the presence of mass. Generally, the more mass that is contained within a given volume of space, the greater the curvature of spacetime will be at the boundary of its volume. As objects with mass move around in spacetime, the curvature changes to reflect the changed locations of those objects. In certain circumstances, accelerating objects generate changes in this curvature, which propagate outwards at the speed of light in a wave-like manner. These propagating phenomena are known as gravitational waves. Gravitational waves can penetrate regions of space that electromagnetic waves cannot. It is hypothesized that they will be able to allow the observation of the merger of black holes and other exotic objects in the distant Universe. Such systems cannot be observed with more traditional means such as optical telescopes or radio telescopes, and so gravitational-wave astronomy gives new insights into the working of the Universe. In particular, gravitational waves could be of interest to cosmologists as they offer a possible way of observing the very early Universe. This is not possible with conventional astronomy, since before recombination the Universe was opaque to electromagnetic radiation. Precise measurements of gravitational waves will also allow scientists to more thoroughly test the general theory of relativity.
    
Albert Einstein.

History

1915 – Albert Einstein publishes the theory of general relativity.
1916 – Albert Einstein predicts the existence gravitational waves as a consequence of the theory of general relativity.
2002 – LIGO begins the search for gravitational waves.
2016 – The LIGO Scientific Collaboration announce that they detected gravitational waves.




LIGO Scientific Collaboration Membership

Institution Country City, State
Hanford Observatory United StatesRichland, Washington
Albert-Einstein- Institute Germany Hanover, Lower Saxony
Cardiff University United Kingdom Cardiff, Wales
Text adopted from “Gravitational Wave,” Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_wave. “LIGO Scientific Collaboration,” Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LIGO_Scientific_Collaboration.

Header image “Gravitational Wave” (gravitationalwave.jpg) "An artist's impression of gravitational waves generated by binary neutron stars." by R. Hurt/Caltech-JPL, used under PDM. Retrieved from http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/ligo/20160211/ligo-16.jpg. Copyright © 2016 R. Hurt/Caltech-JPL.

Image “Albert Einstein” (einstein.jpg) "Albert Einstein, Man, Physicist" by skeeze / Pixabay, used under CC0 / Cropped from original. Retrieved from https://pixabay.com/en/albert-einstein-man-physicist-401491/. Copyright © skeeze / Pixabay, www.pixabay.com.

Image “list item” (item.jpg): Own work.


Bottom background image (background.jpg): Own work.
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